Landesysteme des PTK RaumschiffesLANDING EQUIPMENT OF THE NEW GENERATION MANNED TRANSPORTATION SPACECRAFT, aus der Fachzeitschrift über kosmische Technologien.
The paper provides an overview of spacecraft landing equipment, reviews the types of landing,
criteria for selecting types of landing, equipment assuring crew safety during landing, purpose and
configuration of landing equipment and requirements for it. It reviews advantages and disadvantages
of landing equipment of those RSC Energia vehicles that were operated in the past, those that are
operated at present, and those that are currently under development, as well as of the spacecraft
that are being developed abroad. The paper presents configurations of landing equipment of the
new-generation manned transportation spacecraft for implementation of rocket landing and rocketassisted
parachute landing system options, that were studied at RSC Energia during preliminary
and detailed design phases, lists their advantages and drawbacks, selection criteria. The paper
analyzes redistribution of functions between components of the landing system, the purpose and key
characteristics of the components such as the parachute system, landing solid rocket system, landing
device and shock-absorbing crew seats. The paper provides a comparative analysis of landing systems
by mass criterion of the RSC Energia spacecraft that are under design and those that are currently
in operation.
Werde nur kurz eingehen. Zunächst war eine reine Abbremsung durch Triebwerke vorgesehen, was aber den Kosmonauten nicht geheuer war. Dafür war eine summarische Masse der Landesysteme von 2725 kg notwendig bei 8500 kg Landemasse des PTK. Mit kombinierter Landung haben wir nur 1801 kg, dabei sind 450 kg Fallschirme, 500 kg Triebwerke, 450 kg Landebeine, 108 kg für 4x Tscheget Sesel, 293 kg Sicherungskonstruktion. Hier noch der Vergleich der Landesysteme und Landemasse:
Sojus TMA..........................510 kg zu 3100 kg, dabei Fallschirme =195 kg, Triebwerke = 56 kg
PTK mit Triebwerken.........2725 kg zu 8500 kg
PTK mit Kombisystem.........1801 kg zu 8500 kg
http://www.energia.ru/ktt/archive/2014/04-2014/04-03.pdf